The Cabinet Office study found that young people's hopes for their future varied by gender, ethnicity and social class. White boys were the least likely to want to stay on at school beyond year 11, while white girls were the most likely group.
The researchers said that targeted work needed to be undertaken in communities where levels of low aspiration were high, rather than just targeting deprived areas in general.
Stephen Matthews, head of policy at the YMCA, said: "Some of these young people never leave their estate. We need to broaden their horizons by engaging them at a national level."
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