The research, collated by the Conservative Party, appears to reveal confusion in the NHS about who can access children's information and how.
It suggests that one in seven hospitals are unable to make any sort of online check on whether an injured child is subject to a protection plan.
Andrew Lansley, shadow health secretary, said the "confused" nature of Labour's child protection system means hospitals haven't learnt from the mistakes of the Baby P case.
"It is deeply worrying that some very basic checks to protect our most vulnerable children are not in place in A&E," he said.
"Many hospitals are getting incoherent messages about what to do to prevent tragedies like the Baby P case from happening again.
Health minister Ben Bradshaw described the figures as "meaningless".
"The Conservatives are confusing the requirement to check if a child is subject to a child protection plan with accessing details of the plan itself.
"That is not a requirement and not something we would expect NHS staff to do."
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