Nursery nurses, children's social workers and teaching assistants will all vote on the possible action after public services union Unison authorised a formal ballot of local government workers across England, Wales and Scotland.
The result will be known on 9 March and a strike is planned for later that month.
A Unison spokesman said it was concerned that changes to the local government pension scheme - which include increasing the retirement age to 65 - were being introduced a year ahead of other public sector schemes.
The Employers' Organisation for local government said it was taking the threat of strike action seriously but accused Unison of misleading people.
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