The cases, which were all group B meningitis, were discovered in December, January, June and July in babies and children of pre-school age.
Now the Cornwall and Isles of Scilly Primary Care Trust (PCT) is warning schools and nurseries to be vigilant about the signs of infection.
The four cases all occurred in the Castleford area of Cornwall. Dr Brian Guttridge, consultant in communicable diseases at the PCT, said: "While we do typically see about 35 cases across Cornwall each year it is unusual to see four cases of meningitis in such a relatively small area.
"While we can't say all the cases are linked to each other, it's clear that this bacteria strain has been circulating in the community and has caused illness."
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