The study found that rates of traumatic brain injury run as high as 76 per cent in youth custody compared to up to 24 per cent in the general population.
It highlights that although the symptoms of brain injuries are often not spotted, they can make young people more likely to offend due to factors such as hyperactivity, impulsivity, communication difficulties and feelings of alienation.
The report also found that between 60 and 90 per cent of young offenders have speech and language difficulties, and one in 10 may have an autistic spectrum disorder.
The report makes a series of recommendations including a call for assessments in schools, so that young people with brain injuries can be identified as soon as behavioural issues are identified.
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