It includes plans to slim down the national curriculum, reform assessment in primary schools, scrap modular GCSEs and make GCSE performance league tables more "aspirational" by judging schools on how well students do in science, modern languages and the humanities, as well as English and maths.
The minimum standards targets for all schools are also set to be raised so more underperforming schools will be eligible for government intervention.
In terms of improving behaviour and discipline, the white paper proposes to abolish the rule that requires teachers to give pupils and parents 24 hours' notice before a detention.
Teachers will be given stronger powers to search students, clearer rules on the use of force and stronger protection from false allegations made by pupils.
Schools will be encouraged to introduce traditional uniforms, prefects and house systems, and it will be made easier for head teachers to exclude disruptive children.
To deal with these excluded pupils, new organisations will be encouraged to run alternative provision, such as pupil referral units.
The white paper also includes plans to double the number of top graduates who enter teaching through Teach First and create a new programme – called Teach Next – to attract high performers from other professions into teaching.
Meanwhile, science and maths graduates will be subsidised to train as teachers and the new Troops to Teachers programme will allow members of the armed forces to join the schools workforce.
In a statement to Parliament, Gove said that local authorities would be government’s "indispensable partners" in improving schools nationwide.
He said councils would "play a new role as parents’ champion", which will involve making admissions fairer and ensuring excluded children and those with special needs are properly supported.
Gove explained: "As more and more schools become increasingly autonomous, local authorities will increasingly step back from management and instead provide focused leadership, challenging under-performance, blowing the whistle on weak schools and commissioning new provision, whether from other high-performing schools, academy sponsors or free school promoters."
