The education charity found that eating a meal at, or just attending, a breakfast club improved the performance in maths and English of pupils aged six and seven by two months.
The study involved 8,600 children from 106 English primary schools with higher than average numbers of disadvantaged pupils.
They attended breakfast clubs over a year, and the impact was independently evaluated by the Institute for Fiscal Studies and National Children's Bureau.
It found improvement in the academic performance, behaviour and concentration of pupils involved, compared to a group whose schools did not run breakfast clubs.
The breakfast club, implemented by charity Magic Breakfast, attributed the improvements to nutritional benefits and also better classroom environments.
The government announced it will invest £10m a year on healthy breakfast clubs as part of its plan to tackle childhood obesity, and the EEF said the introduction of a free, universal breakfast club in all schools would be a cost-effective way to raise pupil attainment.
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