The Apprenticeships, Skills, Children and Learning Bill includes measures that will force schools to take part in children's trusts boards, promote pupil wellbeing and provide impartial information, advice and guidance.
Schools will also get new powers to search pupils for weapons, alcohol and drugs and Ofsted will be enabled to inspect schools more or less frequently, depending on their performance.
The wide-ranging bill contains many of the statutory changes that relate to the government's 14 to 19 education reforms.
It establishes the Young Person's Learning Agency and the Skills Funding Agency, both of which will take over from the Learning and Skills Council in 2010, when funding for 16 to 19 education and training is transferred to local authorities.
Councils will also have a new duty to supply education for young people in juvenile custody and will have to provide enough children's centre places to accommodate all local babies and young children.
The bill will establish the School Support Staff Negotiating Body as the authority on school support staff's pay and conditions and Ofqual as the new independent regulator of qualifications and assessment.
Children's Secretary Ed Balls said that the bill would equip the country to meet economic and social needs.
He said: "Giving every young person who wants one the right to an apprenticeship will allow young people to fulfil their working potential and allow us to meet the challenges of the 21st century."
He also claimed that the measures directed at schools would help schools drive improvement and said that new children's trusts arrangements would bolster children's wellbeing.
The second reading of the bill in parliament is currently scheduled for 23 February.
