Deaths in custody group Inquest and crime-reduction charity Nacro want the Government to hold a public inquiry into the circumstances of the 16-year-old's death last year.
Nacro spokesman Adrian Thomas said: "This is the Victoria Climbie of the justice system. Joseph's death raises concerns about sentencing, children in prison, how institutions deal with vulnerable young people, how agencies communicate and the lack of measures to stop offending by troubled kids."
Scholes, who had a history of mental health problems, was sentenced to two years after pleading guilty to robbery.
Nine days after entering Stoke Heath Young Offenders' Institution in March last year, he hanged himself.
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