Currently, the three types of secure establishment where juvenile offenders can be held - young offender institutions, secure training centres and local authority secure children's homes - have different systems for dealing with poor behaviour.
The Youth Justice Board wants to bring these closer together, although it accepts there will be differences. The 10-point code of practice promotes "child-centred" techniques such as restorative justice.
The use of physical restraint has been a high-profile issue since Gareth Myatt, a 15-year-old held at Rainsbrook Secure Training Centre, died after being restrained in 2004. A Howard League for Penal Reform inquiry into restraint on juveniles in custody, led by Lord Carlile, is due to report this month.
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