The number of children held in custodial establishments has declined sharply in recent years – in 2021/22, the average under-18 population was 447, compared with 939 in 2015/16.
Most of those in youth custody are boys aged 17, young people from ethnic minorities are overrepresented and a significant proportion are care experienced or being looked after by a local authority.
Research shows that children in custodial establishments have experienced adverse childhood experiences which has resulted in trauma, including extra familial harm that often results in exploitation.
Children in custody are held in one of three settings: secure training centres (STCs), young offender institutions (YOIs) or secure children's homes (SCHs).
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