The Terrence Higgins Trust is lobbying the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) to clarify guidelines for charging young people with the offence.
The move follows a summit meeting last month during which the trust and the National Children's Bureau discussed issues affecting children with HIV.
A number of adults in the UK have been jailed for transmitting HIV to their sexual partners after failing to disclose their status.
The two charities say the same rules should not automatically apply to children if the situation arises.
Lisa Power, head of policy at Terrence Higgins, said many children with the virus have had it from birth and face complex and frightening issues.
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