A growing body of research on the impact of adverse childhood experiences is starting to shape the planning and delivery of services for vulnerable families in the UK. Charlotte Goddard investigates.

Screening for high cholesterol, blood pressure or body mass index is increasingly used to target those at risk of developing particular diseases or conditions. But individuals are not generally screened for "a bad childhood". This is despite the fact that a growing body of research makes it clear adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are a major public health concern, dramatically increasing the risk for health and social problems ranging from cancer, heart disease and mental health issues to obesity, imprisonment, unemployment, substance abuse, and ultimately early death.

US and UK studies have found ACEs, including neglect, abuse, parental separation or divorce and domestic violence, are very common (see below). More than half the population has experienced at least one ACE, and around one in 10 has experienced four or more. The studies also agree these have a cumulative effect: the more a person experiences, the higher their risks in later life.

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