The report said that four out of five young people found formal careers advice only "a little bit" or "not at all" helpful, with most preferring to seek advice from parents, teachers and youth workers.
Unison is among those leading an attack on the research, which was carried out by the National Youth Agency and the National Foundation for Educational Research.
Denise Bertuchi from Unison says the study is based on limited evidence, with the National Youth Agency only surveying 79 young people.
She added: "The report fails to recognise the positives; in areas where Connexions is well funded and well advertised, it does some great work with both universal young people and Neets.
"However, in other areas where funding is inadequate or nearly non-existent then Connexions does struggle to support young people. This can only be addressed by ensuring that there is consistency and coherence."
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