The 12 biggest cities in England would host the first new schools, but Gove eventually wants there to be a vocational academy in every area.
He claimed the schools, which could be sponsored by businesses or universities, would raise the status of technical qualifications, champion science and engineering, and provide more choice for parents and young people.
The schools would provide "credible, high quality vocational education in each major city, which is crucial to tackling youth unemployment and recovering from the recession", he added.
But Chris Keates, general secretary of teaching union NASUWT, said technical schools could damage the status of vocational learning.
"More than 95 per cent of all current secondary schools have a specialism and are inclusive of all young people regardless of the career they wish to pursue," she said.
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