Known for its industrial heritage of shipbuilding and coalmining, Sunderland today is a regional centre for electric car manufacturing, aerospace industries and the customer service sector. Yet the effects of the post-industrial decline of the 1980s is still seen in poor social outcomes that have blighted other parts of the North East in recent generations. Sunderland tracks above the national and regional averages for unemployment rates and the proportion of adults in employment deprivation as measured through the government’s Indices of Deprivation. As a result, nearly a quarter of children in the city grow up in low-income homes and one in five primary and secondary age children are eligible for free school meals.
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