Research

The Impact of Neglect on Brain Development

Johanna Bick and Charles A. Nelson's 2017 paper provides a concise and accessible introduction to some of the main theories in brain development, prominent studies that have increased our understanding of the impact of early experiences on the brain, and research that indicates some of the most promising ways to ameliorate the impact of early adversity.
Children from more deprived families are more at risk from SUDI than their wealthier peers, a new review says. Picture: Adobe Stock
Brain development begins within weeks of conception and continues in to early adulthood

The growing body of research into early brain development has been at the forefront of raising the prominence of the first 1,000 days in public discourse over recent years, with the Centre for the Developing Child at Harvard University playing a leading role in this.

The research

The authors start by explaining that brain development begins within weeks of conception and continues in to early adulthood, and that the brain continues to adapt and change throughout adulthood. This development is the result of complex interactions between biology and the environment.

Optimal development for babies, which is essential for typical physical, cognitive and emotional development, is most likely if they experience a stimulating and responsive environment. The authors highlight the difference between "experience expectant" development - experiences that are typically shared by all children, such as hearing noises, perceiving patterned light and having opportunities to move around and manipulate objects - and "experience dependant" development - experiences that vary from one child to the next, such as the opportunity to learn to read and write.

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