The recommendation tallies with a similar recommendation from Lord David Ramsbotham, chair of the Whitbread Inquiry into youth social exclusion (YPN, 8-14 February, p4).
The Carlile Inquiry also states that restraint that causes pain "is not acceptable and may be unlawful". Earlier this month the Youth Justice Board published guidance that said pain-causing interventions could be used, but only in "exceptional circumstances".
The inquiry said the use of handcuffs, which has increased in secure training centres since the "double seated embrace" restraint was banned, should also be outlawed.
The inquiry found a wide variation in practice on strip searching between institutions, and also a gap between guidance and practice. Much of the contradictory evidence came from inmates. "We talked to the Youth Justice Board but we also took the trouble to talk to children," Carlile told Young People Now.
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