These programmes try to encourage parents to use consistent and contingent reinforcements for child behaviour. Modelling and role-play exercises are used to demonstrate parenting techniques and show parents how to use positive reinforcement to encourage prosocial behaviours by their children.
Well known examples of parenting programmes are The Incredible Years and Triple P Programmes that are implemented with parents of children under three typically aim to prevent behavioural difficulties emerging or becoming embedded, while programmes implemented with older children (aged three to 12 years) are often for the treatment of behavioural difficulties or early onset conduct disorders.
Parenting programmes are purchased by a local authority or other agency and can be implemented in one-on-one or group sessions. Overall, parent training programmes are effective in reducing behavioural difficulties, with a 2016 study showing a reduction of around 44 per cent in problem behaviours.
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