The report, from the Department for Education and Skills, and featuring research from the National Centre for Social Research, questioned whether the Government's schemes in deprived areas, such as Sure Start and Neighbourhood Nurseries, had staying power because of their reliance on "substantial" start-up funding.
It also cited a distrust of formal care and the lack of employment in deprived areas.
The report said major childcare programmes had widened access to formal care, and pointed to substantial start-up funding as a success factor.
It also said successful schemes had involved a range of stakeholders and services, including schools, community groups and voluntary organisations.
But it questioned whether this would be financially viable when funding runs out, and whether schemes run as more conventional businesses would be as responsive to local needs.
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