- A cancerous tumour starts from one abnormal cell, which starts to multiply out of control. Why a cell becomes cancerous is unclear, although there are "risk factors" that are known to increase the risk of cervical cancer developing. These include smoking and having a weakened immune system
- Before cervical cancer develops, the cells in the cervix often show changes, known as cervical intra-epithelial neoplasia (CIN). This pre-cancerous cell stage is also sometimes known as dyskariosis. If left untreated, CIN can develop into cervical cancer
- Cervical cancer can be treated using surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these. The form of treatment that is used will depend on the stage of the cancer and whether it has spread at the time of diagnosis
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