The violence developed as part of a masculine identity that was rooted in heavy industry, alcohol dependence, sectarianism and wider social attitudes. Like many places, there was a strong association between violence and levels of poverty, inequality and vulnerability.
In recent years, there has been a shift in violence in Scotland which has been hailed as a success and desired to be replicated in England and Wales. The reason for the success is complicated and although commonly understood as a "public health approach", the evidence shows a number of causational factors.
The fall in violent crime was preceded by a large reduction in property crime which experts suggest prevented low level criminals developing into violent offenders. The largest reductions in violence were among young men fighting with knives in public places. As the location and consumption of alcohol sales shifted from the street to the home, we have seen a growth in sexual violence.
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