According to the report, A New Secret Garden, these "managed moves" and referrals do not show up in official exclusion statistics.
The report states that despite the fall in permanent exclusions, the number of children being taught in pupil referral units continued to rise, a measure that, according to the report authors, suggests forms of "effective exclusion" are replacing permanent exclusion.
The majority of the 16 London local authorities interviewed said this shift towards off-site provision was due to political pressure from the previous government. One local authority admitted "there is pressure to reduce permanent exclusions and we’ve responded".
The report authors Tom Ogg and Emily Kaill argue that permanent exclusion should be abolished so that pupils must remain on the rolls of mainstream schools.
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