The NSPCC Core-Info leaflet is produced by the NSPCC in partnership with the Department of Child Health, Cardiff University.
Paediatrician Dr Alison Kemp said: "In many cases the spinal or head injury may not be immediately apparent so doctors should also look out for less obvious symptoms. These could include irritability, poor feeding or excessive crying or impaired neurological function.
"Inflicted head injuries are the most serious form of physical abuse and are the leading cause of death and disability among children who have been abused."
She added: "Professionals working with children are a vital link in the child protection chain."
NHS figures show at least three under-twos are hospitalised due to deliberate head injuries every week.
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