The research, published in the June issue of the British Journal of Psychiatry, was carried out by the Autism Research Centre at Cambridge University, led by Professor Simon Baron-Cohen.
His team used three different methods to estimate the prevalence of autism-spectrum conditions (including previously undiagnosed cases) in Cambridgeshire.
This included a survey of cases of autism and Asperger syndrome using the Special Educational Needs (SEN) registers in schools, a survey of thousands of parents in the Cambridgeshire region and screening tests.
Professor Baron-Cohen said: "This study is novel because it does not rely on a single source of information but instead combines information from three different sources.
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