Research has consistently found that justice-involved children have childhoods disproportionally characterised by adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). ACEs are potentially traumatic events that occur in childhood and can include, for example: physical abuse and/or neglect, emotional abuse and/or neglect, sexual abuse, witnessing domestic violence, parental separation or loss, substance misuse within the family, mental illness within the family, or having a family member in prison.
While not everyone who experiences ACEs has a negative outcome, ACEs have been shown to have lasting negative effects on health, well-being, and opportunity. ACEs have also been found to be strongly associated with a range of problematic behaviours including aggression and violence.
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